A new method of accurate calculation of the coefficient of viscosity of a test liquid from experimentally measured. Sep 28, 2011 its just me experimenting with ostwald viscometers. Determination of the molecular weight of a polymer from intrinsic viscosity measurements. Laboratory 3 rheology ostwald viscosity rheology is the study of the flow of fluids and the deformation of solids. Efflux cup viscometers are most commonly used for fieldwork to measure the viscosity of oils, syrups, varnish, paints and bitumen emulsions. Ostwald viscometer is a commonly used viscometer, which consists of a ushaped glass tube held vertically. Experiment v viscosity of oil by the rotating cylinder method. Viscometer, instrument for measuring the viscosity resistance to internal flow of a fluid. Points to remember while performing the experiment in a real laboratory. Viscometer test results and interpretation for a polymer support fluid. These devices are also known as glass capillary viscometers or ostwald viscometers, named after wilhelm ostwald.
Put a certain amount of liquid in the large bulge viscometer and pull it by pipette until the small bulge is full. Download pdf version of ostwald vs ubbelohde viscometers. The apparatus consists of a short length of glass tubing leading to a bulb that acts as a high reservoir. The spherefluid relative velocity can be changed to obtain the dependence of the shear stress on velocity. To determine the viscosity of liquid using ostwald viscometer. The solution is allowed to flow through a capillary of known diameter under the action of a pressure drop and the time taken to flow through a given length is measured. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link. The values of co and b shown below are based on a coefficient of thermal expansion typical to that for a mineral oil. In the capillary tube viscometer, the pressure needed to force the fluid to flow at a specified rate. Law using a syringe pascals ball aparatus communicating vessels finding the density of a liquid with a utube open tube manometer hares apparatus cartesian diver bernoullis principle venturis tube the ostwald viscometer capillary tube.
A viscometer also called viscosimeter is an instrument used to measure the viscosity and flow parameters of a fluid. Both are ushaped pieces of glassware with a reservoir on one side and a measuring bulb with a capillary on the other. Experiment 3 experiment no 3 measurement of viscosity of. Falling ball viscometer aim the purpose of this experiment. They refer to the different types or coefficient values of viscosity that can be measured in a fluid. Viscometers that can characterize nonnewtonian fluids are usually called rheometers or plastometers. Ipov if you would like to have more chemistry fun, and learn about cool science, subscribe to. Determination of the molecular weight of a polymer from. The rotary viscometer must be adjusted until it is exactly vertical. The redwood viscometer consists of vertical cylindrical oil cup with an orifice in the centre of its base. Amrita virtual lab project website ostwalds viscometer is a traditional viscometer to measure the viscosity of a liquid. To determine the viscosity of a given unknown liquid with respect to water, at laboratory temperature, by viscometer.
I oscar viscometer, a sealed can of fluid was oscillated torsionally, and by clever measurement techniques it was possible to measure both viscosity and elasticity in the sample. The viscometer is meant to approximate an infinitely long column of infinite diameter. Determination of viscosity using ostwald viscometer with. Determination of viscosity of liquid using ostwald viscometer. Ostwald viscometer, electronic balance, stop watch. The principle of the viscometer is to determine the falling time of a sphere with known density and diameter within a fluid filled inside glass tube.
Perfection in the manufacture and the sophisticated qualityassurance methods form the basis of stan. See other formats the redwood viscometer by winslow h. The measurement of the viscosity of solutions is called viscometry and the apparatus used is called viscometer. Chem355 experiment 6 viscosity of high polymer solutions. Newtons law of viscosity, given above, is a constitutive equation like. The principle of operation of this viscometer is the same as all other rotational viscometers.
The experiment began by putting the steel ball into the calipers according to their sizes. Another version is the ubbelohde viscometer, which consists of a ushaped glass tube held vertically in a controlled temperature bath. Ostwald viscometer is used to measure the viscosity of very dilute solutions. An experiment to study the flow of newtonian and nonnewtonian fluids is proposed. The time of flow of liquid under test is compared with time required for the liquid of known viscosity, the viscosity of unknown liquid. A hook pointing upward serves as a guide mark for filling the oil.
With the ostwald viscometer the pressure driving the liquid through the capillary depends on the difference in the liquid level h and the density of the liquidrho and the acceleration due to. Viscosity of liquids, ostwald capillary viscometer, poiseuilles equation, macromolecules, mass average and number average. Determination of viscosity by using ostwaldtype, suspended. Size and serial numbers are printed on the outside of the box and on the viscometer. A standard ball is allowed to fall down this tube over a calibrated distance of 100 mm. Herschel abstract the redwood viscometer was selected for calibration because there appeared to be some doubt whether or not the instrumental constants varied with the temperature. Support from the program is sufficient to enable the students to carry out a virtual experiment sensibly and on their own. Viscosity measurement includes three virtual experiments. To determine the kinematic viscosity of four grades of motor oil at various temperatures using a saybolt viscometer.
This fluid viscosity represents the fluids resistance to flow. D bottle known as pyknometer also, stand, beaker, unknown liquid, distilled water. In one version, the time taken for a given volume of fluid to flow through an opening is recorded. To learn more about viscosity, how it varies relative to temperature, and to demonstrate one method of how it is measured. High measurement accuracy tuningfork vibration method turns into reality for excellent repeatability of 1% of reading for viscosity measurement by sinewave vibro viscometer sv. Determination viscosity of a fluid value by saybolt viscometer. The first part of the experiment uses an ostwald viscometer to determine how long it takes a liquid to flow through the capillary tube of the viscometer. Each virtual experiment includes a corresponding theoretical section. Water was filled in to the viscometer up to mark a.
The ostwald viscometer the ostwald viscometer fulfils these conditions. In 1844 hagenpoiseuille did their work concerning the interpretation that liquid flow through tubes and he proposed an equation for viscosity of liquids. The internal property of a fluid for its resistance to flow is known as viscosity. Level the viscometer, referring to the bubble level on the instrument. Model 1602 rolling ball viscometer manual chandler engineering. The viscometer and test assembly should be stored, when not in. The force of friction which one part of the liquid offers to another part of the liquid. To determine the composition of a given binary mixture ethanol water from the study of the viscositycomposition curve at lab. Viscosity of newtonian and nonnewtonian liquids rotary. Pdf suitability of viscosity measurement methods for liquid.
Includes certificate of calibration and instruction sheet. The type of viscosity yielded by your viscometer s measurements depends on the kind. Pdf suitability of viscosity measurement methods for. Viscometers, monitor and control, safety, consumables. Redwood viscometer thermometer 0100c 2 nos stop watch 50 ml standard narrow necked flask given sample of oil description.
Fluids lab 1 fall 2003 viscosity objectives of the experiment. The second one is the saybolt viscometer which is useful only for. Relative viscosity is the ratio of the absolute viscosity of the fluid on the viscosity of water at a certain temperature. Measuring ranges overlap, but the best results will be obtained if you are operating near the center of the viscometers range. Determine the absolute viscosity of organic liquids. Brochure pdf 571kb manual pdf 1,735kb users handbook pdf file 1,473kb features. The saybolt viscometer controls the heat of the fluid and the viscosity is the time is takes the fluid to fill a container. Ostwald viscometer, also known as utube viscometer or capillary viscometer is a device used to measure the viscosity of the liquid with a known density. Determination of saybolt, kinematic, and shear viscosity for. Startup you may want to start this experiment 20 minutes before lab time. Fill the viscometer through tube l with a sufficient quantity of the sample liquid that is appropriate for the viscometer being used or by following the manufacturers instructions. See astm d445 and d2515 for more complete instructions. Clean the viscometer by the water and ethanol and dry it. Practical manual shri ramdeobaba college of engineering and.
Thus, by knowing m, g, h, t, r, n1 andn2 from the experiment the mass moment of inertia i. A cookie is a small file of letters and numbers that we put on your computer if you agree. Viscosity and viscoelastic behavior of resins are very critical in composites manufacturing. Utube viscometers modified ostwald viscometers psl. The determination of viscosity of newtonian liquids is carried out by means of a capillary viscometer unless otherwise specified. Interpretation of viscometer test results for polymer support. Calculation of viscometer constants for cannonfenske routine and cannonfenske opaque viscometers certain modified ostwald type viscometers for transparent liquids like the cannonfenske routine and the cannonmanning semimicro and reverseflow viscometers for opaque and. Kinematic, dynamic, relative, apparent, absolute when dealing with viscosity measurements using a viscometer, you will likely come across these words. For nonnewtonian liquids method c using the rotating viscometer may be used. Stokes law can be used to calculate the viscosity of the fluid.
Abstract this experiment was conducted to determine the dynamic and kinematic viscosity of a sample and the effect of capillary diameter and size on the fall of the ball. In one arm of the u is a vertical section of precise narrow bore the capillary. The forces acting on a sphere falling in a falling ball viscometer consist of force due to gravity f g, force due to the buoyancy of the solution f. Analysis of kinematic viscosity for liquids by varying. If the filling temperature t p is substantially different than room temperature, the viscometer constant at test ten1perature t is co 1 b tt t pd. The time required for the test liquid to flow through a capillary of a known diameter of a. Determination of the liquid permeability of consolidated cores experiment 4. Put viscometer vertically in the water bath at the desired temperature.
The key difference between ostwald and ubbelohde viscometers is that ostwald viscometer is suitable for the measurement of low to moderate viscosity of liquids whereas ubbelohde viscometer is suitable for the measurement of high viscosity of liquids. Determination of viscosity of organic solvents theory. In this case, the equation for the dynamic viscosity is as follows. Learn how to determine the viscosity by using ostwald type, suspendedlevel and rotating viscometer. The force of friction which one part of the liquid offers to another part of the liquid is called viscosity. Always wear lab coat and gloves when you are in the lab.
Physical chemistry viscosity measurement of viscosity ostwald. Haake viscometer standard operating procedure updated sept 10, 2014 general information viscosity is a measure of the resistatnce of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress of tensile stress. The method of determining viscosity with this instrument consists of measuring the time for a known volume of the liquid the volume contained between the marks a and b to flow through the capillary under the influence of gravity. Poiseuilles law demonstrates that the laminar flow of a liquid through a small tube is proportional to the fourth power of the tubes radius, which is employed in the first method. If you do not agree you should not continue to use this website. A viscometer also called viscosimeter is an instrument used to measure the viscosity of a fluid. The viscometer was mounted is vertical position on a suitable stand. Kinematic viscosity is the dynamic viscosity divided by the density typical units m2s, stokes, st. Relative viscosity is the ratio of the absolute viscosity of the fluid on the. Experiment 6 viscometer full abstract this experiment.
Viscosity is a tensorial quantity that can be decomposed in different ways into two independent components. For glycerol and liquid paraffin, determine the dependence of the moment of rotation on the frequency in the range between 0. Viscosity measurement using ostwalds viscometer amrita. Ostwald viscometer, relative density bottle, pure ethanol, distilled water. An ostwald viscometer, also known as a viscosimeter, is a device used to measure fluid viscosity under one type of flow condition. The redwood viscometer consist of vertical cylindrical oil cup with an orifice in the centre of its base. In a second experiment, determine the temperature dependence of the viscosity of glycerol and castor oil in steps of 5 degrees between 25 and 70c. It can be thought of as the fluids friction, often referred to as internal friction or thickness. The cannonmanning semimicro page 8 is a utube viscometer that has been modified to measure the kinematic viscosity of samples as small as 1. Apr 27, 2015 falling sphere viscometer the falling ball viscometer is based on stokes law. The ubbelohde viscometer is closely related to the ostwald viscometer. Experiment v viscosity of oil by the rotating cylinder method brendan arnold 27th april 2003 abstract we measured the viscosity, of energol oil using searles originalrotatingcylindermethod but with signi cantimprovementsindata collection. To determine the variation of viscosity of lubricating oil and coconut oil with temperature introduction. Viscosity 5 viscosity coefficients viscosity coefficients can be defined in two ways.
A liquid is introduced into the reservoir then sucked through the capillary and measuring bulb. The method is based on measurement of the drag force on a sphere immersed in a moving fluid. Determination of saybolt, kinematic, and shear viscosity for a variety of liquids. Oct 17, 2015 viscosity measurement using ostwald viscometer 1. Haake viscometer standard operating procedure updated sept. Liquid viscosity measurement using capillary tube viscometer, cone and. Measurements may be made on bleached cotton and wood pulps. They are in particular suited for viscosity measurements with newtonian liquids with a kinematic viscosity of more than 0.
These are referred to as semimicro or micro viscometers. A weight, w, is used to drive a rotor that is partially submerged in a sample of liquid. When you enter the lab, switch on the exhaust fan and make sure that all the chemicals and reagents required for the experiment are available. Sinewave vibro viscometer sv10sv100 measures viscosity by detecting the driving. Calculation of viscometer constants for cannonfenske routine. The experiment is carried out on redwood viscometer to analyze viscosity of different liquids at different temperatures. Measure the terminal velocity of a ball falling in a fluid.
Ankur choudhary print question forum no comments the determination of viscosity of newtonian liquids is carried out by means of a capillary viscometer unless otherwise specified. It is particularly important to remember the following points. These cookies allow us to distinguish you from other users of our website, which helps us to provide you with a good experience when you browse our website and also allows us to improve our site. Studies on falling ball viscometry amit vikram singh1, lavanjay sharma2, and pinaki guptabhaya1 departments of chemistry1, material science programme2, indian institute of technology kanpur, kanpur 208016 india abstract. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 3. Measuring the different types of viscosity with viscometers. Three capillary of different sizes were used for the experiment, which is 1. Carry out the experiment with the tube in a vertical. Lower the viscometer until the surface of the liquid exactly. Ostwald viscometer, rubber tube with screw pinch cock, relative density r. For more accurate measurements it is held in a controlled temperature bath. Dynamic viscosity, also absolute viscosity, the more usual one typical units pas, poise, p. Determination of viscosity of organic solvents procedure.
Calculation of viscometer constants for cannonfenske. Falling sphere viscometer the falling ball viscometer is based on stokes law. This type of viscometer consists of a circular cylinder filled by the liquid under investigation. Difference between ostwald and ubbelohde viscometers. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Group i 1 to find out type of alkalinity and estimate alkalinity present in the given water sample. Experiment 1 viscosity measurement purpose the purpose of this experiment is to measure the viscosity of a glycerinwater mixture with a thomasstormer viscometer. Chem355 experiment 6 viscosity of high polymer solutions a polymer is a large molecule macromolecule composed of many simple units that are called repeating units. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled gnu free documentation license. A single polymer molecule may consist of hundreds to a million monomers.
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